Terms and Conditions

Use of this site and material accessed through it are subject to our Terms and Conditions. Your use of the site and/or material implies that you have read and agree to abide by these terms.

Terms and Conditions to be an Authorized User:
Authorized Users may make all use of the materials on this site as is consistent with the Fair Use Provisions of United States and international law. In addition, the Materials may be used for purposes of research, education or other non-commercial use as follows:

  1. Terms and Conditions for use of this site by PEP members are described in the PEP Online Journal Service Individual User Agreement. Members are granted access to Physics Essays upon completion and submission of an Individual User Agreement either electronically or in print. Download an Individual User Agreement to read the Terms and Conditions for use of Physics Essays by PEP Members.
  2. Nonmember subscribers to Physics Essays, including individuals, institutions, libraries, laboratories, other organizations are granted access to Physics Essays after completion and submission of an Institutional Single-Site User License. Download an Institutional Single-Site User License to read the Terms and Conditions for use of the Digital Library by nonmember subscribers.
  3. Copyright; Prohibitions on Certain Uses

All abstracts are copyrighted by the copyright owner and publisher and are subject to all applicable copyright, database protection and other rights of the copyright owner and publisher under the laws of the United States and other countries. Copyright notices in the abstracts may not be removed, obscured, or modified in any way.

PEP grants you permission for brief quotations from the text of abstracts, with the customary acknowledgment of the source. Altering, recompiling, copying, reselling, redistributing, publishing or republishing (beyond such brief quotations with such acknowledgment permitted under the preceding sentence) of any abstract text, output, search results, or other information from any Journal, or any portion thereof, including without limitation, copyright, trade secret, proprietary and/or other legal notices contained therein, in any form or medium is prohibited. Systematic downloading, service bureau redistribution services and/or the making of print or electronic copies for transmission to any third party are prohibited. All rights not expressly granted are reserved to the copyright owner and publisher.

PEP shall not be required to distribute, and you shall not redistribute, any abstract to a country where the export thereof is prohibited by U.S. law, order, or regulation. You represent that you are from a "permitted country" and that this does not violate U.S. law.